Nestled in the lush Willamette Valley of Oregon, hazelnut orchards stretch as far as the eye can see. This picturesque region, with its fertile volcanic soils and ideal climate, is the heart of hazelnut production in the United States.
In fact, Oregon produces 99% of the hazelnuts grown in the country, earning it the well-deserved title of the Hazelnut Capital of America.
The journey of Oregon’s hazelnut industry began in the early 1900s, with the first commercial hazelnut orchards taking root in the fertile soil of the Willamette Valley. Today, over 800 family farms cultivate these orchards, with expertise and passion passed down through generations. This rich heritage is supported by organizations like the Oregon Hazelnut Industry Office, which provides resources and advocates for farmers at both state and national levels.
Hazelnuts vs. Filberts: What’s in a Name?
The question often arises: is it a filbert or a hazelnut? There is no wrong answer. “Filbert” is the traditional name, derived from the French, likely introduced to Oregon by early French settlers. Some believe the name is linked to St. Philibert, whose feast day in August coincides with the ripening of the nuts. On the other hand, “hazelnut” is the term used by English settlers for the native species. In 1981, the Oregon Filbert Commission adopted the term “hazelnut” to align with common usage.
A Nut with Ancient Roots and Modern Uses
Regardless of the name, hazelnuts have been revered for centuries. Historical texts reveal that hazelnuts were considered one of the five sacred nourishments bestowed by God, used for medicinal purposes as early as 2838 B.C. Ancient Greek physician Dioscorides documented their health benefits, including remedies for coughs and hair growth (USDA). Beyond their delightful taste, hazelnuts are a nutritional powerhouse. Rich in vitamins E and B, magnesium, and healthy fats, they offer numerous health benefits. Including hazelnuts in your diet can support heart health, reduce inflammation, and provide essential nutrients that contribute to overall well-being (International Nut & Dried Fruit Council).
Global Popularity and Growing Demand
According to the International Nut and Dried Fruit Council (INC), global hazelnut consumption has seen a steady increase, with a significant rise in demand noted in Europe and Asia. In Europe, hazelnuts are featured prominently in traditional confections, like pralines and gianduja, as well as in modern gourmet recipes. This growing demand is driven by the nuts’ recognized health benefits and their versatile use in both sweet and savory dishes. As consumers become more health-conscious and adventurous in their culinary choices, the preference for high-quality, sustainably produced hazelnuts, such as those from Oregon, continues to grow.
Sustainability Practices in Hazelnut Farming
Sustainability is at the core of hazelnut farming practices in Oregon. Farmers here are deeply committed to environmental stewardship, employing eco-friendly techniques that promote soil health and conserve water. Integrated pest management (IPM), cover cropping, and minimal pesticide use are just a few of the methods that ensure the long-term health of the orchards and surrounding environment.
However, the industry is not without its challenges. Climate change and market fluctuations pose ongoing concerns. But innovation is helping farmers adapt. Researchers at Oregon State University, for instance, are developing new hazelnut varieties resistant to Eastern Filbert Blight, a disease that has historically threatened crops. These advancements are crucial in ensuring the resilience and competitiveness of Oregon’s hazelnut industry.
Fascinating Facts About Hazelnuts
Hazelnuts have a unique charm and fascinating characteristics. The hazelnut became Oregon’s official State Nut in 1989. Around 1,000 Oregon farm families grow hazelnuts on 93,000 acres. Remarkably, hazelnut trees can produce for over 100 years. They bloom and pollinate in winter, with wind carrying pollen to tiny red flowers, which stay dormant until June. The nuts mature over the summer, turning hazel in a protective husk, and are harvested in late September or October once they fall to the ground. The first cultivated hazelnut tree was planted in Oregon in 1858, and by 1903, the first commercial orchard had over 200 Barcelona hazelnut trees, a variety still prominent today (Oregon Agriculture in the Classroom Foundation).
For more detailed information on Oregon Hazelnuts, visit www.oregonhazelnuts.org.
